Showing posts with label FDR. Show all posts
Showing posts with label FDR. Show all posts

Thursday, August 6, 2015

freedom from fear? how are we doing?

If an alien from outer space were dropped down in our society one day, having not been briefed with any kind of backstory or cultural shading, what would she think about things? 

For instance, if the alien saw a quadruped creature leading a biped around by a rope and forcing the latter to pick up its excrement, which species would she have to assume was in charge of things?

If she saw one group of said bipeds on a trading floor on Wall Street jumping up and down and yelling at numbers on a screen, how might they compare to another group that was conversing and laughing around a table covered in playing cards and glass bottles? Which group would she assume was high on a more destructive intoxicant?

She would find herself backwards and confused on a range of such ironies running from the fun and quirky to the sad and horrific.

She might discover that
2,977 was the number of American civilian deaths resulting from the attacks of 9/11/01.

Then she might find out that
210,000 is a conservative estimate of the number of Afghani and Iraqi civilian casualties resulting from the back and forth aggressions between American, Afghani, Iraqi, and extremist forces since 2001.[1]

How is our alien friend to figure out which of these totals will barely get a newspaper blurb, let alone a memorial, and which is the perpetual justification for over a decade of calculated drone strikes, the deaths and psychological devastation of some of our own society’s most precious young people, a standing foreign military presence in a sovereign nation, torture tactics, and numerous other breaches of constitutional and international law?

If our alien friend wants to pick a side, then there may have been a short window of time, following 9/11, where she may have easily picked out which side was the victim and which side the aggressor. God help her, sorting them out at this point.

If one is having trouble stepping outside of the narrow set of platitudes and biases given by one’s culture and imagining an outsider’s perspective, there are little linguistic tricks that we can use to help get ourselves inside the mind of an alien.

For instance, lets imagine a seedily clad guy told you that he’d invented a device in his basement called a Death Dealer 100. He can’t get into the details of how the DD1 works, but the long and short of it is, he can walk into a room filled with people and at the push of a button fire 100 death rays in less than a minute, each one capable of killing a full grown adult. You might be quick to say to him, “Oh, God help us, no, I must alert the authorities. Such a thing must never be found in a lawful civilization.”

But upon a moment’s reflection, you’ll remember that an almost identical invention very much exists in society, quite affordably too, and the authorities aren’t concerned. And unlike so many of our compatriots, our alien friend may not have a subtle enough mind to distinguish why a “DD1” should never be allowed to exist in polite society whereas a “rifle” can be grandfathered in with constitutional impunity because it shares a name with another invention from centuries ago.

It’s a good exercise to try to see our society through the eyes of an alien from time to time, because an alien isn’t susceptible to kind of cultural drift that not only shifts individuals along the continuum of a given debate but can shift the entire continuum itself. For instance, an alien would see objectively that even our liberal presidents today would’ve looked like war mongers to a conservative living in the pre-World War I United States, when non-interventionism was the mood of the day.

Through alien eyes, we can see that there has been a tectonic shift not only in the sides of the debate but in the ground beneath it. What brought this shift on is simple: fear. We have allowed ourselves to become a culture of fear. And you don’t need to get sucked into a conversation on guns or foreign policy in order to sense it.

One day, an older man told me how, when he was a kid, he and his friends used to run around the neighborhood completely unsupervised, and the only rule was that they each had to be home for dinner. Then he made a statement, which one hears from all angles, today—a statement which is regarded as so self-evident that the speaker never puts it forward as a controversial assertion but simply assumes that any other sentient being would agree: “You would never let your kid run around like that in this day and age. Too dangerous.”

When I politely pressed him for some kind of evidence that the world had, in fact, grown more dangerous since he was a kid, he looked at me like I was asking him to prove that fire is hot. He took a moment to recover and then stumbled through a predictable litany: a couple high profile abductions in far away states, a local convenience store hold up and a recent murder (over a drug deal gone awry)—basically, the bread and butter of local TV news.

To his credit, at one point, he was thoughtful enough to say, “Well, maybe we just know about these things today in a way that we didn’t back then.” But it was too late. He had already shaped his parenting practices, his political views, and his blood pressure around a worldview of fear.  

Why force an otherwise kindly older man to justify what everyone is supposed to know is common knowledge? Because I no longer believe that such throwaway comments are as harmless as they seem. I believe that that kind of unchecked anxiety, spread across an entire society, is capable of producing evils far more powerful than those that brought it on in the first place. Even a casual student of history can confirm this. The Nazis didn’t come into power on a “Let’s all be evil” platform. They came into power by promising that they could rid their society of evil and keep everyone else safe.

And in a society where even suggesting that maybe we should resist a drone strike on a key target if there is going to be “collateral damage,” or that we should kill and incarcerate fewer criminals, or that we should limit the ways in which you can “stand your ground” is considered unpatriotic bordering on treasonous, someone needs to stand up and act as a fear circuit breaker. Doing this in a chronically fearful society will take independent thinking, integrity and confidence in oneself, and a deep-seated hope. 

I even tend to think that, long before sentimentalized baptism ceremonies and altar calls, a “Christian” was someone who did precisely this—someone under the leadership of Christ, who refused to concede to the chronic anxiety of the age and the greed, the violence, and the scapegoating that always comes with it.

Doesn't "Christian" mean, at the very least, in this jittery time, someone who hopes in the life-giving promises of God? Does God offer us nothing more to place our trust in besides a large magazine clip and a beefed up military?

Would an alien from outer space ever think that we are a “Christian nation?”






[1] I’m assuming, of course, that the second Iraq war would not have happened, had our leaders not been able to focus the emotional reactivity of the post 9/11 political climate into an invasion of an otherwise unrelated country. Anyone who would like to argue this point might have a hard time citing a reason for invasion that doesn’t make the whole thing look like even more of a debacle.

Thursday, July 9, 2015

how are we doing on the freedom from want?

Freedom.

For a word that has become almost synonymous with the United States of America, the more worldly among us are gradually becoming savvy to the fact that freedom can only be spoken of as a goal, not an achieved reality. There is a huge splotch of grey that exists between free and not free. We should never just toss the word out there unqualified but should always speak of degrees of freedom. A child whose one parent is lacking a high school diploma and who is trying to learn to read in an inner city class size of 45 is quite a bit less free than the child of a cardiologist and a CPA who is learning in a private classroom of 16. A family in a safe neighborhood is more free than a family in a dangerous one, and so on.

As his own country (Germany in the 1930s) was trying to achieve a certain version of freedom at a great cost to its cultural soul, Dietrich Bonhoeffer pointed out that the idea of freedom, if it is only defined in the negative (freedom from), can achieve nothing more than a paranoid hysteria as a society tries to eliminate anything that could be perceived as a threat. Any freedom that is worthy of the name, needs to be defined positively (freedom for), because only after discovering something to live for outside of ourselves, can we escape our enslavement to obsessive self-concern.

In this blog and the next one, I’d like to take the last two parts of FDR’s famous “Four Freedoms” speech—“freedom from want” and “freedom from fear”—and ask the question: how are we doing?

In a not-so-recent Ted Talk, psychologist Barry Schwartz laid out what he calls “the paradox of choice.” The long and short of it says that if you give someone three different kinds of vehicles to choose from at the dealership, she will be a little happier than if you only give her one choice; but if you give her 50 choices, she will be much less happy than if you had only given her three.  That is, our conventional assumption that more freedom to choose is better is true to a point, but that point comes fast and hard. And once that threshold is passed, the happiness graph can plunge downward as far as you like.

Most of us probably know this from experience. At the grocery store, where they give me three brands of cheddar cheese, I can be reasonably confident that I’m walking away with the one that I like best. But when I come away from the golf shop with one of 50 drivers, I’ll always wonder if one of the others wouldn’t have added 20 yards off the tee or reduced my slice. And it’s best for my mental health, if I don’t even consider the possibilities of switching to Romano or Fontina cheese.

Obviously, golf clubs and cheese are fairly trivial issues. But think about what this means for our larger aspirations. I’ve read of a study where people rated their own happiness more and more highly up to a household income of  $75,000 (gallup.com/businessjournal), after which there is a hard cutoff. There may even be some drop-off as added income isolates people and eliminates any impetus for them to build a strong social network. The study depended on self-reporting, which has its limitations, but the findings certainly ring true to my experience, growing up in a part of town where many households would’ve considered $75,000 unlivable but where happiness was scarce.    

It is an old, old insight from a myriad of philosophical and theological traditions that wanting what we don’t have leads to unhappiness. And even modern pop culture is aware of it. The nineties band Sublime’s words, “Life is short, so love the one ya got,” were ubiquitous in the dorm rooms of my generation of young scholars, and the sentiment is just an echo of an older generation’s “Money can’t buy you happiness.” But a few chart toppers and homespun sayings notwithstanding, the modern western world has created an economic and political belief system that is more or less designed to keep raising the happiness high jump bar just beyond our reach, even as, deceptively, it encourages the invention of mechanisms that help us to jump higher. We have colluded with the free market and the advertising industry to make the satiation of our own appetites impossible. Like a child trying to grasp a floating dandelion seed, the prize gets further and further away the faster we fling our limbs at it.

I don’t want to be misheard. Our system does a better job of incentivizing innovation than perhaps any other before it, and this has resulted in creature comforts, convenience, entertainment, and consumer options that I benefit from everyday. I’m definitely not ready to undo all of that just yet. But all great thought traditions have recognized that it’s not easy to discern just what causes happiness. And comfort, convenience, entertainment, and consumer options are regularly given more credit than they deserve by the popular mind.  

As a society, we are forever deceived into speaking, purchasing, and voting as though the stated goal of our society is to “create wealth,” something that we’ve succeeded at indisputably over the last century. But if we think that the wealth we’ve created should be put in the service of happiness and not the other way around, our successes are much more ambiguous.

This is why church leaders should never be afraid to ask people to give up their money.  The primary reason to press this issue in faith communities is not to cover staff salaries, renovate buildings, or pay the electric bill, nor, fellow well-meaning liberals, is it primarily to do good projects in the world (but by all means, let’s, if we have the cash, and we can be intelligent about it). The primary reason to press this is in order to smash idols.

The acquire-wealth-in-order-to-obtain-freedom-from-want experiment failed. We acquired the wealth. We have more money now than any generation before us. I read once that the average middle class home has more different kinds of consumer goods than King Henry the VIII had in his palace. But the “want” remains. It could even be argued that we have more want now than previous societies, which never stated “freedom from want” as a goal in the first place and so never thought to provide so many choices.

The word for something that promises you happiness but doesn’t deliver is an idol.

It’s not “greedy” for church leaders to ask for money (assuming it’s not going into their back pockets, which, if you’ve ever seen the financial statement, is not how it works in your typical neighborhood church). It’s a decision not to enable. It’s the refusal to give in to a lie.